Research

English translation for this website.

The rapid development of pretrained large language models has introduced generative modeling as an alternative approach to data processing in social science. This study examines missing-value imputation for international trust, a context-dependent latent subjective variable, using the longitudinal China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). It systematically compares large language models with established methods under different missing-data mechanisms and contrasts domestic and international models to assess the role of social context in training data and human feedback. Although generative approaches remain challenged by subjective survey-data imputation, they perform well under missing-not-at-random conditions, matching existing machine-learning methods and showing strong data fidelity. Domestic models outperform international models in understanding and simulating local political and social contexts. The findings identify opportunities for using large language models to address missing data in international-relations research and for improving the credibility and rigor of their use.

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Talent policy is a central instrument of China’s strategy of reinvigorating the country through talent development. Using bibliometric analysis of 2,163 policy documents issued by central and local governments from 2002 to 2021, this study constructs a policy-reference network and combines it with temporal keyword analysis to examine the intensity, breadth, speed and direction of policy diffusion. The issuing-agency reference network exhibits a three-level structure. Planning documents show greater diffusion intensity and breadth, with diffusion intensity continuing to grow throughout their validity periods; for opinions and decisions, growth lasts only four to seven years. Temporal keyword mapping identifies top-down, bottom-up, horizontal and follow-up diffusion patterns. The study characterizes the diffusion and development of talent policy and offers evidence for subsequent theoretical and practical work.

English translation for this website.

This study uses bibliometric analysis to examine the diffusion of 12,356 policy documents on building China into a leading country in education, issued by central and local government departments between 2010 and 2021. It constructs policy-document and issuing-agency reference networks, analyzes intergovernmental relationships among policy issuers, and measures policy diffusion along four dimensions: intensity, breadth, speed and direction. By identifying patterns and characteristics of policy diffusion, the study provides a reference for future policy theory and practice.

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Disciplines and degree programs coexist within universities. Their development supports research, social service and talent cultivation and is central to the qualitative development of higher education. This article distinguishes the meanings of disciplines and degree programs and explains their dialectical relationship. Drawing on their respective internal logics, it examines existing issues in the levels and modes of university education and proposes measures for reforming the dual governance system of disciplines and degree programs.